2.2 Indian Weaver

 

                                2.2 Indian Wear (Appreciation)

About the poem/poet and the title: ‘Indian Weavers’ is by the renowned poet, Sarojini Naidu. The poem was taken from the poet’s first volume, ' The Golden Threshold’, published in 1905. It consists of three stanzas, or quatrains, with two rhyming couplets each. This poem is a metaphor for the three stages of human life - birth, youth and death. The poet depicts Indian weavers, who weave tirelessly at different times, while simultaneously describing the three stages of human life, from birth to death, just as the weavers weave from dawn tonight. The poet chooses three different time settings - the weavers weave the new-born baby’s garments in the early morning, the queen’s marriage-veils in the evening and the dead man’s shroud at midnight.

The theme: The poem's central theme is the parallelism that the poet beautifully draws between the three parts of the weaver’s workday and the three stages of human life. The poem has been written in iambic tetrameter and its three stanzas follow the rhyme scheme of ‘aabb’, ‘ccdd’ and ‘eeff’ respectively.

Poetic style: The style used in the poem is simple and lucid, with each stanza beginning with a question to evoke the reader’s interest.

The language/poetic devices used in the poem: The poetic devices Alliteration, Consonance, Inversion, Metaphor, Repetition and simile have been employed to enhance the text’s poetic appeal. The use of Simile in ‘blue as the wing of a halcyon wild’, Metaphor in ‘break of day’ to compare it to ‘childhood’, Alliteration in repetitive consonant sounds of ‘we’ throughout the stanzas or ‘p’ in ‘purple peacock’, and repetition of the words ‘weavers’, weaving’ and ‘weave’ across the poem are the examples of these poetic devices.

Special features: The poet has used vivid imagery in correlating the parts of the day to the stages of life. Almost every line of the poem contains imagery, which paints a picture in the readers’ minds about the ‘weavers weaving’, ‘blue-colored robe on a new-born baby’, ‘a queen wearing purple and green coloured marriage-veil’ and a ‘dead body covered with a white shroud’. The major use of symbolism in the poem is that the ‘threads’ of a person’s life are woven by ‘destiny’ or ‘Fates’, which is represented by the ‘weavers’ in this poem. It is the Fates who decide the time of birth, the length of youth and the time of death of a person. Thus, the contextual meaning of the poem may be the weavers weaving garments and a shroud for various occasions, but symbolically the poem represents the cycle of life and death with the threads of each stage being woven by the Fates.

Message, values, morals in the poem: The message being conveyed by the poem is that of the perpetual motion of life, where each stage, characterized by its unique emotions, lasts for a while before the next one comes along to take its place. I find this poem a good read as it is a short poem that is packed with imagery.

Your opinion about the poem: I like the poem for the colour scheme that the poet has chosen for the garments woven by the weaver according to the life-stage of the intended wearer.

2.1 Song of the Open the Road

 

                                2.1 Song of the Open Road

The poem Song of the Open Road is written by Walt Whittman. He is an American poet and father of free verse. He is a popular poet for his work “Leaves of Grass”.  Walt Whitman's Song of the Open Road is a powerful celebration of freedom, adventure, and the joy of traveling on the open road. The poem encourages readers to explore the world around them.  It speaks to the human desire to wander and experience the beauty of nature, and to seek out new experiences and challenges.

Throughout the poem, Whitman uses vivid imagery and suggestive language to convey the excitement and energy of travel. He encourages readers to leave behind the limitations of society and embrace the open road, where anything is possible. The poem celebrates the simple pleasures of life, such as the feeling of the wind on one's face and the beauty of a starry sky.

At its core, "Song of the Open Road" is a celebration of the human spirit and the limitless possibilities of the world around us. It reminds us that life is a journey and that the road ahead is full of adventure and opportunity. It encourages us to embrace the unknown, to take risks, and to never stop exploring the world around us.

There are many poetic devices used in this poem. The poem is written in free verse style. The poem is a dramatic monologue. The poet has used various figures of speech such as Metaphor, Tautology, Paradox, Alliteration, etc.

I really like this poem "Song of the Open Road" as it is a beautiful, inspiring poem that celebrates the joy of travel and the human spirit. It reminds us to appreciate the beauty of the world around us, and to embrace the freedom and adventure that comes with exploring it."

How to Improve English

                     How to Improve English?

Speaking English fluently and confidently is an important goal for many people. Often, we hesitate because we are afraid of making mistakes or disappointing ourselves in front of others. Occasionally mistakes are unavoidable. But like any other skill, you can improve your spoken English if you practice regularly and follow these simple techniques.

1. Listen

Listening is the first step in improving your speaking skills. 

Listening to English has many benefits – it allows you to pick up new words, phrases, and ways to respond in conversations. Secondly, listening provides opportunities to understand pronunciation, how some words are omitted when speaking, how some are joined together, the rhythm, the intonation, and the sounds of language. 

What should you listen to? There are many resources available to you to listen to for free. Start with short English clips or videos: pick your favorite English TV show or YouTube channel. Listen to a clip and notice carefully what the characters are saying. Repeat any dialogues or phrases that interest you. Replay the same clip until you understand every word. You could also turn on the subtitles or look at the video transcript if available and practise saying the dialogues with the characters.

English podcasts are another popular way to listen to English and improve your listening and speaking skills. Podcasts are short audio clips that are available online on various topics.

The third most interesting way to improve your listening and speaking is by listening to audiobooks. Audiobooks have become very popular over the past couple of years. They are great for people who have no time to invest in reading books. They are also a wonderful way to perfect your pronunciation. 

Finally, nothing can beat actual English conversations with people. Listen to your colleagues speaking in English, listen to your boss giving presentations and conduct meetings in English, and listen to your teacher speaking in English – all of these real-life conversations will help you become a better listener and a better speaker of the language. Remember that listening as much as possible will help your speaking significantly.

2. Imitate

Now that you have listened to lots of English conversations, it’s time for some imitation. Yes, that’s right! Imitating or copying someone is a wonderful to improve your speaking skills. Not convinced? Watch babies and children – how do they learn a language? They copy everything an adult says. 

Another benefit of imitation is that it will help you become more accurate in English without having to learn grammar rules. With lots of practice, you will begin to remember chunks of words and phrases. This helps in remembering word patterns in a sentence and how certain words go with others. 

To effectively improve your speaking skills, you need to follow these steps:

·       Listen: Pick your favorite video or audio clip from any of the sources provided in the earlier section of this article. Play the audio and listen to it carefully. Play as many times as you like to understand how each word is spoken.

·       Repeat and record: After playing the audio, repeat saying the words and conversations exactly as you heard. Pay special attention to the intonation, stress, and rhythm of language. Record yourself while repeating the words. The recording will provide you an opportunity to listen to yourself and self-correct. So, do not skip this step. 

·       Compare: Listen to the audio again and compare it with your recording. Does it match? Note down changes that you may need to make.

·       Correct: Repeat the entire process again until you get better and more accurate. 

As this process involves listening to the same audio clip several times, choose a topic that is interesting to you. If you stick with the routine, you will see improvement in your pronunciation, vocabulary, accuracy, and overall speaking abilities in no time!

3. Read

Reading is yet another important skill to have when learning a language. Whether you prefer a novel or an article, reading for a few minutes every day will help you acquire new vocabulary. 

The most common reason why people hesitate to read is that it takes quite a lot of time to read a book from start to end. However, when learning English, reading even for a few minutes is greatly beneficial. Short articles or notes in English are great for this. They only take a few minutes to read and are quite easy to find.

You can start with materials you find every day. Think of notes and memos at work, pamphlets, and brochures at your local supermarket, or notices and safety instructions in the elevators – wherever you are there is always something to read.

and topics. Each article has interactive exercises to help you understand and use the language.

Remember that if your goal is improving speaking skills, it is a good idea to read aloud. This will not only help you practice unfamiliar words but also help you improve your pronunciation and fluency.

 

4. Prepare

A lot of us hesitate to speak or take part in conversations in English because we are nervous about what to say. We are anxious that what we say may not be appropriate or that we may make mistakes. We can easily fix this problem by preparing ahead. Are you going to a restaurant with your colleagues? Think of situations that require you to speak English. Order food, perhaps? Ask for changes to a dish? Ask your colleagues’ preferences? Ask for the bill? What vocabulary do you need in these situations? Write up a simple list of phrases to use. 

Here is an example:

Situation	Useful phrases
Arriving at the restaurant and asking for a table (if booked)	Hello. We’ve booked a table for ___. (say the number of people for which you booked the table) The booking is in _________ ‘s name. (say the name of the person you provided at the time of booking)
Arriving at the restaurant and asking for a table (if not booked)	Hello. We need a table for _______ (say the number of people). Can you fit us in?
Asking for the menu	Could we see the food menu, please? Could we see the drinks menu, please?
Asking about food	Is this dish suitable for vegetarians? Does this dish contain nuts? I am allergic to nuts.  Could you help me understand what this dish contains?
Choosing what to order among your colleagues	I’d like to order a hamburger with a side of fries. What about you? I prefer coffee to tea.  What would you like to have? Do you prefer soup or salad? That sounds delicious.
Placing your order	We are ready to place our order. Could we have bottled water for everyone? I would like ___________ (say what you would like to eat) Could I have ___________ (say what you would like to eat)?
Giving feedback	That was delicious. Thank you.  That was lovely. Thank you. It was a great meal. Thank you.   The food was a bit cold.  The dish was a bit spicy for my taste.
Paying your bill	Could we have the bill, please? Can I pay by card?   This is on me. (When you want to insist on paying for everyone).

Create similar cheat sheets for everyday situations. You will find yourself becoming more confident and ready to speak in English.

5. Speak

Yes, speaking. There is no magic pill that would help you speak better. You must put yourself in situations where you are forced to speak in English to get better at it. Start small. Take advantage of this situation by speaking to people around you. It could be at your workplace or even at a coffee shop – doesn’t matter where, as long as you can speak.

If you don’t have that advantage, practice speaking in English with your colleagues or classmates. It is easier if you choose someone who speaks a different language than you do as it forces you to communicate in English.

6. Practise

We cannot stress this enough. Regular and consistent practice is the key to success when it comes to speaking English. The tips and suggestions that we’ve described above only work if you use them regularly. So, here’s what we recommend. Start small – spend just 10 minutes every day doing 1-2 of the above things. Maybe listen to a short video clip today and imitate it. Reflect on what you learned. Tomorrow, pick up a short article. Read aloud and summarise in your own words. Reflect on what you read and the new words.

Some days you will find more time. Dedicate more time when you can but do the minimum every single day. You will see a big change in your abilities in no time! As you improve, you’ll get more confident and more ready for bigger challenges. This is the time to find speaking partners and to put yourself in situations that require speaking in English. Don’t worry about making mistakes. Most people don’t care if you make mistakes. 

Finally, don’t forget to have fun. It’s easier to learn something new and commit to learning when you’re having fun. Practice English by singing along to popular songs. Practise tongue twisters with your friends.

Try all these tips today and start your language learning journey right away!

English Grammar - Previous year paper